Estonian Keyboard Layout

Frontype is a virtual on-screen keyboard for fast typing.

Lisa sisendmaterjali keelt Windows Vista

Te saate redigeerida dokumente mitmes keeles, muutes keeles (sisend keeles) kus te tüüp. Input keeled on kaasas Windows, kuid te peate ennast lisada loendisse keeli, enne kui saate neid kasutada.
1.
Avatud Riigi ja keele valikud, klõpsates nuppu Start, käsku Juhtpaneel, klõpsates Kell, keel ja piirkond ning seejärel klõpsates Regional and Language Options.
2.
Klõpsake Klaviatuurid ja keeled sakk ja seejärel nuppu Change keyboards.
3.
Under Installed teenused, klõpsake Add.
4.
Topeltklõpsake keeles, mida sa tahad lisada, topeltklõpsake teksti teenused, mida soovite lisada, valige tekst teenused võimalusi, mida soovite lisada, ja seejärel nuppu OK.

Kuidas lisada ja võimaldavad täiendavad keeled, Windows XP

Installimiseks teises keeles ja näppäinjärjestystä Windows XP, toimige järgmiselt:
1. Kui Windows XP standard Start käsku Start ja siis käsku Juhtpaneel. Kui Windows XP classic Start käsku Start, valige Seaded ja seejärel käsku Juhtpaneel.
2. Topeltklõpsake ikooni Regional and Language Options.
3. Keeled Klõpsake nuppu all “Text Services ja Input Languages”.
4. Klõpsa Lisa punkti “Installed Services”, ja seejärel klõpsake keel, mida soovite lisada, ja näppäinjärjestys soovite kasutada seda keelt.
5. Et konfigureerida seadete keeleüksuste baari, klõpsa Keel Baar all “Preferences”.

Estonian language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Estonian (eesti keel (help·info); pronounced [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl]) is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities. It is a Finno-Ugric language and is closely related to Finnish.

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest in linguists is that Estonian has what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phoneme length: short, long, and “overlong”, such that /toto/, /toˑto/ and /toːto/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction isn’t purely in the phoneme length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.

Alphabet

The Estonian alphabet is used for writing the Estonian language and is based on the Latin alphabet, with German influence. As such, the Estonian alphabet has the letters A-umlaut (Ä), O-umlaut (Ö) and U-umlaut (Ü), which stand for the vowels [æ], [ø] and [y], respectively. Unlike the German umlauts, they are considered to be separate letters and part of the alphabet, and are alphabetized as separate letters. The most distinguishing letter in the Estonian alphabet, however, is O-tilde or Õ, which was added to the alphabet in the 19th century by Otto Wilhelm Masing and stands for the vowel [ɤ]. In addition, the alphabet also differs from the Latin alphabet by the addition of the letters S-caron (Š) and Z-caron (Ž), and by the position of Z in the alphabet: it has been moved from the end to between S and T (or Š and Ž).

In Blackletter W was used instead of V.

Johannes Aavik insisted that the letter Ü be replaced by Y, as it has been in the Finnish Alphabet.

In the internet age, many Estonian texts ignore Š and Ž letters and use sh and zh instead.

The full alphabet consists of the following 32 letters:

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, Š, Z, Ž, T, U, V, W, Õ, Ä, Ö, Ü, X, YThe oblique letters are so-called “foreign letters” (võõrtähed). F, Š, Z and Ž occur only in loanwords and foreign proper names. C, Q, W, X and Y do not occur in Estonian words, but are used in writing foreign proper names.

The alphabet is sometimes written and recited without the “foreign letters”. In that case, it has 23 letters:

A, B, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, Õ, Ä, Ö, Ü

Orthography

Estonian orthography is essentially phonemic with each phoneme of the language represented by exactly one grapheme. Exceptions to this derive from historical agreements: for example the initial letter ‘h’ in words, preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of ‘i’ and ‘j’. Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in pasha (pas-’ha); this also applies to some foreign names.

Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish Orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing ‘W’/'w’ instead of ‘V’/'v’ persisted well into the 1930s.

It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often incorrect back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of “ya” for “ä” (e.g. Pyarnu instead of the correct Pärnu) and “y” instead of “õ” (e.g., Pylva instead of the correct Põlva). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find “ostrov Khiuma”, where “ostrov” means “island” in Russian and “Khiuma” is back-transliteration from Russian instead of correct “Hiiumaa” (Hiiumaa>Хийума(а)>Khiuma).

Phonology

Vowels

1. The mid vowels are not close-mid or open-mid; the usual IPA notation uses these symbols.

There are nine phonemic monophthongs, with three phonetic lengths. Of these, simple and long are segmentally phonemic, and the third length level is suprasegmentally phonemic and aided by a distinctive tonal contour. The script distinguishes only short and long, marked by vowel doubling, e.g. öö “night”. There are 19 segmental diphthongs,^[9] and polysyllablic vowel clusters are also found. There are very few instances of vowel allophony: ‘ä’ may have pronunciations [æ] and [ɛ], and the phoneme /yː/ is pronounced as the diphthong [yi].

Characteristic to Estonian is the vowel õ ([ɤ]), a close-mid near-back unrounded vowel, which is farther back than the schwa ([ə]), but unrounded unlike [o].

Consonants

Notes:

1. [ŋ] only appears as an allophone of [n] before [k].^[9]
2. [f] and [ʃ] are considered foreign sounds and they only appear in loanwords.

There is one series of stops, unvoiced unaspirated, with three phonemic lengths, written b d g, p t k and pp tt kk. The rest of the consonants also have distinctive length, but only short and long are distinguished in writing. As with vowels, two segmental length levels are phonemic, and the third level is suprasegmentally phonemic. For example, for ‘n’, short ‘n’ in lina “sheet”, half-long ‘n’ in linna “town’s”, over-long ‘n’ in linna “to the town”. The latter addition of length is traceable to a grammatical marker *-han that has elided.

The fricatives are s h, added with f š ž z for loans. The other consonants are j l m n r v, plus the allophonic velar nasal in nk and ng. Consonants may be palatalized; but this is not written in the orthography, as palatalization generally occurs before front vowels (also in the final consonant in the nominative case of nouns if such vowel follows in the genetive). About 0.15% of the vocabulary features fully phonemic palatalization, where palatalization occurs without the front vowel. The process is similar to that found in Eastern Finnish dialects, where word-final ‘i’ is elided, leaving the palatalization on the consonant. Thus, palatalization does not necessarily need a front vowel, and palatalized vs. plain continuants can be articulated.

Proto-Finnic, the ancestor of the Estonian language, lost palatalization, but Estonian is one of those languages which reacquired it from Slavic. Yet, it underwent further modification, which makes Estonian palatalization different from Russian palatalization. In Russian, palatalization causes some affrication and necessarily features a palatal approximant/fricative offglide, which is not the case in Estonian, where the consonant is otherwise unaffected.

Recitation