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Hispanic America

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hispanic America or Spanish America (Spanish: Hispanoamérica) is strictly the region comprising the American countries inhabited by Spanish–speaking populations.[1]
These countries have significant cultural commonalities with each other and with Spain, whose colonies they were formerly. In all of them, Spanish is either the main language or shares this position with one or more indigenous languages, like Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan.[2] Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion, as well.[3]
The term “Hispanic America” contrasts with “Ibero-America”, which comprises Hispanic America together with Brazil, a Portuguese–speaking nation often referred to as “Portuguese America” in history books. “Hispanic America” also contrasts with “Latin America”, which is usually equated with Ibero–America, but, depending on definition, often includes the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Spanish is the predominant language in the majority of Latin American countries. Portuguese is spoken primarily in Brazil, the most populous country in the region. French is spoken in some countries of the Caribbean, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana and Haiti. Dutch is the official language of some Caribbean islands and in Suriname on the continent; however, as Dutch is a Germanic language, these territories are not considered part of Latin America.

Other European languages spoken in Latin America include: English, by some groups in Argentina, Belize, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico; German, in southern Brazil, southern Chile, Argentina, and German-speaking villages in northern Venezuela and Paraguay; Italian, in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Venezuela; and Welsh, in southern Argentina.

Most widely spoken Pre-contact languages distribution area in Latin America, at the beginning of 21st century: Quechua, Guarani, Aymara, Nahuatl, Mayan languages, Mapuche
In several nations, especially in the Caribbean region, creole languages are spoken. The most widely spoken creole language in the Caribbean and Latin America in general is Haitian Creole, the predominant language of Haiti; it is derived primarily from French and certain West African tongues with some Amerindian and Spanish influences as well. Creole languages of mainland Latin America, similarly, are derived from European languages and various African tongues. Native American languages are widely spoken in Peru, Guatemala, Bolivia, Paraguay, and to a lesser degree, in Mexico, Ecuador, and Chile. In absolute numbers, Mexico contains the largest population of indigenous-language speakers of any country in the Americas, surpassing those of the Amerindian-majority countries of Guatemala, Bolivia and the Amerindian-plurality country of Peru. In Latin American countries not named above, the population of speakers of indigenous languages is small or non-existent.
In Peru, Quechua is an official language, alongside Spanish and any other indigenous language in the areas where they predominate. In Ecuador, while holding no official status, the closely related Quichua is a recognized language of the indigenous people under the country’s constitution; however, it is only spoken by a few groups in the country’s highlands. In Bolivia, Aymara, Quechua and Guaraní hold official status alongside Spanish. Guarani is, along with Spanish, an official language of Paraguay, and is spoken by a majority of the population (who are, for the most part, bilingual), and it is co-official with Spanish in the Argentine province of Corrientes. In Nicaragua, Spanish is the official language, but on the country’s Caribbean coast English and indigenous languages such as Miskito, Sumo, and Rama also hold official status. Colombia recognizes all indigenous languages spoken within its territory as official, though fewer than 1% of its population are native speakers of these. Nahuatl is one of the 62 native languages spoken by indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as “national languages” along with Spanish.

Countries

Country    Population    Area (km²)
Argentina    40,747,000    2,766,890
Bolivia    9,182,000    1,098,581
Chile    16,295,000    756,950
Colombia    45,600,000    1,141,748
Costa Rica    4,401,000    51,000
Cuba    11,269,000    110,861
Dominican Republic    9,395,000    48,730
Ecuador    13,228,000    256,370
El Salvador    6,881,000    21,040
Guatemala    12,599,000    108,890
Honduras    7,205,000    112,492
Mexico    107,029,000    1,972,550
Nicaragua    5,487,000    129,494
Panama    3,232,000    75,571
Paraguay    6,158,000    406,752
Peru    27,968,000    1,285,220
Puerto Rico (U.S.)    3,955,000    9,104
Uruguay    3,463,000    176,215
Venezuela    26,749,000    916,445
Total    360,843,000    11,444,903
In comparison, the population of Anglo-America (United States and Canada) is approximately 337,000,000, while that of Brazil is 192,000,000.[5] Canada (9,984,670 km²) and the United States (9,826,630 km²) occupy a combined area of 19,811,300 km², and Brazil occupies 8,511,965 km²