Armenian Keyboard Layout
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Armenian language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Armenian language (հայերեն լեզու, Armenian pronunciation: [hɑjɛɹɛn lɛzu] — hayeren lezow, conventional short form hayeren) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities in the Armenian diaspora. It has its own script, the Armenian alphabet.
Linguists typically classify Armenian as an independent branch of the Indo-European language family.[3] Some Indo-Europeanists, notably Clackson (1994), have proposed that Armenian may have been grouped together with the Hellenic branch (Greek). This is called the Graeco-Armenian Hypothesis, in combination with a Graeco-Aryan hypothesis (Renfrew, Clackson and Fortson 1994).
Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Armenian language since the year 405 or 406. Up to the 19th century, Classical Armenian had been the literary language; since then, the Armenian alphabet has been used to write the two modern dialects of Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. են The Armenian word for “alphabet” is այբուբեն aybuben (Armenian pronunciation: [ɑɪbubɛn]), named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet Ա այբ ayb and Բ բեն ben.
| Letter | Name | Pronunciation | Transliteration | Numerical value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional | Reformed | Pronunciation | Classical | Eastern | Western | Classical | ISO 9985 | ||||
| Classical | Eastern | Western | |||||||||
| Ա ա | այբ | [aɪb] | [aɪpʰ] | [ɑ] | a | 1 | |||||
| Բ բ | բեն | [bɛn] | [pʰɛn] | [b] | [pʰ] | b | 2 | ||||
| Գ գ | գիմ | [ɡim] | [kʰim] | [ɡ] | [kʰ] | g | 3 | ||||
| Դ դ | դա | [dɑ] | [tʰɑ] | [d] | [tʰ] | d | 4 | ||||
| Ե ե | եչ | [jɛtʃʰ] | [ɛ], initially [jɛ]1 | e | 5 | ||||||
| Զ զ | զա | [zɑ] | [z] | z | 6 | ||||||
| Է է | է | [ɛː] | [ɛ] | [ɛː] | [ɛ] | ē | 7 | ||||
| Ը ը | ըթ | [ətʰ] | [ə] | ə | ë | 8 | |||||
| Թ թ | թօ[1] | թո | [tʰo] | [tʰ] | tʿ | t’ | 9 | ||||
| Ժ ժ | ժէ | ժե | [ʒɛː] | [ʒɛ] | [ʒ] | ž | 10 | ||||
| Ի ի | ինի | [ini] | [i] | i | 20 | ||||||
| Լ լ | լիւն | լյուն | [lʏn]2 | [l] | l | 30 | |||||
| Խ խ | խէ | խե | [χɛː] | [χɛ] | [χ] | x | 40 | ||||
| Ծ ծ | ծա | [tsɑ] | [tsʼɑ] | [dzɑ] | [ts] | [tsʼ] | [dz] | c | ç | 50 | |
| Կ կ | կեն | [kɛn] | [kʼɛn] | [gɛn] | [k] | [kʼ] | [g] | k | 60 | ||
| Հ հ | հօ[1] | հո | [ho] | [h] | h | 70 | |||||
| Ձ ձ | ձա | [dzɑ] | [tsʰɑ] | [dz] | [tsʰ] | j | 80 | ||||
| Ղ ղ | ղատ | [ɫɑt] | [ʁɑtʼ] | [ʁɑd] | [ɫ] | [ʁ] | ł | ġ | 90 | ||
| Ճ ճ | ճէ | ճե | [tʃɛː] | [tʃʼɛ] | [ʤɛ] | [tʃ] | [tʃʼ] | [ʤ] | č | č̣ | 100 |
| Մ մ | մեն | [mɛn] | [m] | m | 200 | ||||||
| Յ յ | յի | հի | [ji] | [hi] | [j] | [h]3, [j] | y | 300 | |||
| Ն ն | նու | [nu] | [n] | n | 400 | ||||||
| Շ շ | շա | [ʃɑ] | [ʃ] | š | 500 | ||||||
| Ո ո | ո | [o] | [vo] | [o], initially [vo]4 | o | 600 | |||||
| Չ չ | չա | [tʃʰɑ] | [tʃʰ] | č‘ | č | 700 | |||||
| Պ պ | պէ | պե | [pɛː] | [pʼɛ] | [bɛ] | [p] | [pʼ] | [b] | p | 800 | |
| Ջ ջ | ջէ | ջե | [ʤɛː] | [ʤɛ] | [tʃʰɛ] | [ʤ] | [tʃʰ] | ǰ | 900 | ||
| Ռ ռ | ռա | [rɑ] | [ɾɑ] | [r] | [ɾ] | ṙ | 1000 | ||||
| Ս ս | սէ | սե | [sɛː] | [sɛ] | [s] | s | 2000 | ||||
| Վ վ | վեւ | վեվ | [vɛv] | [v] | v | 3000 | |||||
| Տ տ | տիւն | տյուն | [tʏn] | [tʼʏn]5 | [dʏn] | [t] | [tʼ] | [d] | t | 4000 | |
| Ր ր | րէ | րե | [ɹɛː] | [ɹɛ]6 | [ɾɛ] | [ɹ]6 | [ɾ] | r | 5000 | ||
| Ց ց | ցօ[1] | ցո | [tsʰo] | [tsʰ] | cʿ | c’ | 6000 | ||||
| Ւ ւ | հիւն | N/A7 | [hʏn] | [w] | [v]8 | w | 7000 | ||||
| Փ փ | փիւր | փյուր | [pʰʏɹ]9 | [pʰʏɾ] | [pʰ] | pʿ | p’ | 8000 | |||
| Ք ք | քէ | քե | [kʰɛː] | [kʰɛ] | [kʰ] | kʿ | k’ | 9000 | |||
| Added during the thirteenth century | |||||||||||
| Օ օ | օ | [o] | [o] | ō | ò | N/A | |||||
| Ֆ ֆ | ֆէ | ֆե | [fɛː] | [fɛ] | [f] | f | N/A | ||||
| Letter | Traditional | Reformed | Classical | Eastern | Western | Classical | Eastern | Western | Classical | ISO 9985 | Numerical value |
| Pronunciation | |||||||||||
| Name | Pronunciation | Transliteration | |||||||||
Transliteration
ISO 9985 (1996) transliterates the Armenian alphabet for modern Armenian as follows:
-
ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ ու և a b g d e z ē ë t’ ž i l x ç k h j ġ č̣ m y n š o č p ǰ ṙ s v t r c’ w p’ k’ ò f ow ew
In linguistic literature on Classical Armenian, slightly different systems are in use (in particular note that č has a different meaning). Hübschmann-Meillet (1913) have
-
ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ ու և a b g d e z ê ə t῾ ž i l x c k h j ł č m y n š o č῾ p ǰ r̄ s v t r c῾ w p῾ k῾ ô f u ev
| Armenian Հայերեն Hayeren |
||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Iran, France, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Georgia, Canada, United States Nagorno-Karabakh (not recognized internationally) |
|
| Total speakers: | 5.5 million [1] | |
| Ranking: | 94 | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Armenian |
|
| Writing system: | Armenian alphabet | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: |  Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Minority language:[2]  Cyprus |
|
| Regulated by: | National Academy of Sciences of Armenia | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | hy | |
| ISO 639-2: | arm (B) | hye (T) |
| ISO 639-3: | variously: hye – Modern Armenian xcl – Classical Armenian axm – Middle Armenian |
|
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