Turkish has two different keyboard layouts: Turkish-F and Turkish-Q, both of which are quite commonly used.

Turkish-F

This keyboard layout was designed in 1955 by İhsan Yener. During its design, the Turkish Language Academy (TDK) investigated letter frequencies in Turkish and used this statistical basis to design the Turkish-F keyboard. It provides a balanced distribution of typing effort between the hands - 49% for the left hand and 51% for the right.

Turkish-Q

Turkish-Q is a more QWERTY-based layout, and therefore I would recommend that you use this one rather than Turkish-F, as it’s more “foreigner friendly”.
Á==Using these keyboard layouts on your computer== You don’t have to buy a new keyboard to be able to use these layouts. Below you can find instructions on how to implement these layouts on a PC. Unfortunately information on how to do this on a Mac, Linux, or any other computer system is currently unavailable.
1) Click on Start 2) When the Start menu opens up, click on Control Panel 3)*If you are on Category View, click on Date, Time, Language and Regional Options, then Regional and Language Options.
If you are on Classic View, click on Regional and Language Options.
4) Click on the Languages tab. 5) Under Text services and input languages, click on the Details button. 6) Click on the Add button. 7) Here you will find a large list of languages. Choose Turkish, then tick the Keyboard layout/IME tick box. This will enable you to choose from a wide range of different keyboard layouts. Choose either Turkish-F or Turkish-Q (preferably the latter). Then click OK. The Turkish language (and your chosen keyboard layout) has just been added to your list of Installed services. To easily switch between English and Turkish, click on the Language bar… button under Preferences. 9) When that window pops up, tick the following tick boxes:
Show the Language bar on the desktop.
Show text labels on the Language bar.
Then click OK. 10. Now that you’ve done that, click on the OK or Apply buttons to have your changes saved.

Turkish language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Turkish
Türkçe
Pronunciation:    [ˈt̪yɾkˌtʃe]
Spoken in:    Albania, Azerbaijan,[1] Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Palestine, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Syria,[2] Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
and by immigrant communities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Scandinavia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States
Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey)
Total speakers:    over 63 million worldwide[3]
Language family:    Altaic (controversial)
Turkic
Southwestern Turkic (Oghuz)
Western Oghuz
Turkish
Writing system:    Latin alphabet (Turkish variant)
Official status
Official language in:     Turkey
Northern Cyprus
Cyprus
Kosovo (regional)
Macedonia(regional)
Romania(recognized)[4]
Iraq[5] (In Kerkük, Tal Afar)
Regulated by:    Turkish Language Association
Language codes
ISO 639-1:    tr
ISO 639-2:    tur
ISO 639-3:    tur

Countries with significant Turkish-speaking populations
(Click on image for the legend)
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
Turkish (Türkçe IPA  [ˈt̪yɾktʃe] (help·info)) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide,[3] making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe. Turkish is also spoken by several million immigrants in Western Europe, particularly in Germany.
The roots of the language can be traced to Central Asia, with the first written records dating back nearly 1,200 years. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish—the immediate precursor of today’s Turkish—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk’s Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman script was replaced with a phonetic variant of the Latin alphabet. Concurrently, the newly-founded Turkish Language Association initiated a drive to reform the language by removing Persian and Arabic loanwords in favor of native variants and coinages from Turkic roots.
The distinctive characteristics of Turkish are vowel harmony and extensive agglutination. The basic word order of Turkish is Subject Object Verb. Turkish has a T-V distinction: second-person plural forms can be used for individuals as a sign of respect. Turkish also has no noun classes or grammatical gender.

Alphabet

There are 29 letters in Turkish alphabet.
A B C Ç D E F G Ğ H I İ J K L M N O Ö P R S Ş T U Ü V Y Z
a b c ç d e f g ğ h ı i j k l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z

Writing system

Atatürk introducing the new Turkish alphabet to the people of Sinop. September 20, 1928. (Cover of the French L’Illustration magazine)
Turkish is written using a modified version of the Latin alphabet introduced in 1928 by Atatürk to replace the Arabic-based Ottoman Turkish alphabet. The Ottoman alphabet marked only three different vowels—long ā, ū and ī—and included several redundant consonants, such as variants of z (which were distinguished in Arabic but not in Turkish). The omission of short vowels in the Arabic script was claimed to make it particularly unsuitable for Turkish, which has eight vowels.
The reform of the script was an important step in the cultural reforms of the period. The task of preparing the new alphabet and selecting the necessary modifications for sounds specific to Turkish was entrusted to a Language Commission composed of prominent linguists, academics, and writers. The introduction of the new Turkish alphabet was supported by public education centers opened throughout the country, cooperation with publishing companies, and encouragement by Atatürk himself, who toured the country teaching the new letters to the public.[55] As a result, there was a dramatic increase in literacy from its original Third World levels.[56]
Latin was applied to the Turkish language for educational purposes even before the 20th century reform. Instances include a 1635 Latin-Albanian dictionary by Frang Bardhi, who also incorporated several sayings in the Turkish language, as an appendix to his work (e.g. alma agatsdan irak duschamas[57] – ‘An apple does not fall far from its tree’).
Turkish now has an alphabet suited to the sounds of the language: the spelling is largely phonetic, with one letter corresponding to each phoneme. Most of the letters are used approximately as in English, the main exceptions being <c>, which denotes [dʒ] (<j> being used for the [ʒ] found in Persian and European loans); and the undotted <ı>, representing [ɯ]. As in German, <ö> and <ü> represent [œ] and [y]. The letter <ğ>, in principle, denotes [ɣ] but has the property of lengthening the preceding vowel and assimilating any subsequent vowel. The letters <ş> and <ç> represent [ʃ] and [tʃ], respectively. A circumflex is written over back vowels following <k>, <g>, or <l> when these consonants represent [c], [ɟ], and [l]—almost exclusively in Arabic and Persian loans.[58] An apostrophe is used to separate proper nouns from any suffixes: eg İstanbul’da ‘in Istanbul’.
The specifically Turkish letters and spellings described above are illustrated in this table:
Turkish spelling    Pronunciation    Meaning
Cağaloğlu    ˈdʒaːɫoːɫu    [İstanbul district]
çalıştığı    tʃaɫɯʃtɯˈɣɯ    where/that s/he works/worked
müjde    myʒˈde    good news
lazım    laˈzɯm    necessary
mahkûm    mahˈcum    condemned